{"id":783,"date":"2018-05-16T14:34:49","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:34:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/waterchain.eu\/?page_id=783"},"modified":"2018-08-27T14:06:21","modified_gmt":"2018-08-27T11:06:21","slug":"toitained","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/et\/parimad-praktikad\/toitained\/","title":{"rendered":"Toitained"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Toitainete \u00e4rastamise tehnoloogiad<\/h2>\n<p><em><strong>L\u00e4mmastik<\/strong> (N)<\/em> ja <em><strong>fosfor<\/strong> (P)<\/em> on olulised toitaineained, mis on tuntud kui taimede, vetikate ja m\u00f5nede bakterite, n\u00e4iteks ts\u00fcanobakterite ehk sinivetikate, liigse kasvu soodustajad. \u00dchelt poolt on N ja P j\u00e4rjepidevalt v\u00e4henevad loodusvarad. Teisalt on need elemendid vastutavad pinnavee eutrofeerumise eest. Peamised toitainete allikad on reovesi, sademevesi, suured loomakasvatusettev\u00f5tted, p\u00f5llumaa, j\u00e4\u00e4tmek\u00e4itlusjaamad, saastatud alad ja kalakasvatus. Suurem osa fosfori koormusest p\u00e4rineb reoveepuhastusjaamadest. Seet\u00f5ttu peaks iga reoveepuhasti p\u00f5hieesm\u00e4rk olema toitainete \u00e4rastamine ja v\u00f5imalik taaskasutamine.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Tehnoloogiad p\u00f5llumajanduslikku p\u00e4ritolu toitainete \u00e4rastamiseks<\/h2>\n<div id=\"accordion-1\" class=\"accordion no-js\"><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-1-t1\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-controller\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1-c1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\tSaasteainete koormuse v\u00e4hendamise meetodi valimine.\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1-c1\" class=\"accordion-content\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<ul class=\"button-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Buffer-zones_EST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puhverv\u00f6\u00f6ndid<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Catch-crop_EST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P\u00fc\u00fcde- ehk vahekultuurid<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Controlled-drainage_EST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seadedrenaa\u017e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/diversified-crop-rotation_est.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mitmekesine k\u00fclvamine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Drainage-cuts_est.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Takistatud \u00e4ravool<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Gypsum-treatment_est.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mulla t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine<br \/>\nkipsiga<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Ploughing-along-contour-lines_EST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kontuurk\u00fcnd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Phosphorus-direct-precipitation_est.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fosfori keemiline sadestamine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Reduced-tillage_EST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Miniharimine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sedimentation-pond_EST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Settebassein<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Small-scale-filter-applications_EST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">V\u00e4ikesed filters\u00fcsteemid<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Structural-liming_est.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Struktuurlupjamine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Two-stage-ditch_est.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kahetasandiline<br \/>\nkuivenduskraav<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/constructed-wetlands_EST.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tehism\u00e4rgalad<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u00f5llumajanduse drenaa\u017ei- ja sajuveega kanduvad lahustunud tahked osakesed ja toitained (l\u00e4mmastiku- ja fosfori\u00fchendid) veekogudesse. Ainete hulk (koormus keskkonnale) s\u00f5ltub mitmest faktorist, nagu n\u00e4iteks v\u00e4etiste kasutamisest, pinnase t\u00fc\u00fcbist ja toitainete sisaldusest, pinnase kaldest, taimestikust ja kliimast.<\/p>\n<p>Head p\u00f5llumajanduslikud tavad ja \u00f5ige koormuse v\u00e4hendamise meetodi kasutamine v\u00f5ib aidata v\u00e4hendada veekogudesse j\u00f5udvate ainete hulka. Parima meetodi valimine v\u00f5ib siiski olla keeruline. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Decision_suppport_tool_final_protected.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eri meetodite tabel (Excel)<\/a> (inglise keeles) aitab teil valida sobivaima meetodi konkreetse p\u00f5llu v\u00f5i piirkonna jaoks.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Decision_suppport_tool_final_for-translation-word-doc_est-img.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3222 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Decision_suppport_tool_final_for-translation-word-doc_est-img-768x639.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Decision_suppport_tool_final_for-translation-word-doc_est-img-768x639.png 768w, https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Decision_suppport_tool_final_for-translation-word-doc_est-img.png 1263w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Kuidas tabelit kasutada?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tabel sisaldab erinevaid koormuse v\u00e4hendamise v\u00f5imalusi koos k\u00fcsimustega, mis aitavad teil valida sobivaima meetodi oma piirkonnale. Meetodite sorteerimisel on abiks tabeli \u00fclaosa filtrivalikud. Huvipakkuvate meetodite kohta lisainfo saamiseks kasutage tabeli paremas veerus olevaid infolehtede linke. M\u00e4rkus: tabel on etten\u00e4htud kasutamiseks abimaterjalina. Soovitatav on konsulteerida eksperdiga enne meetme kasutusele v\u00f5tmist.<br \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-1-t2\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-controller\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1-c2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\tFosfori\u00e4rastuse v\u00e4ikefiltri rajamine\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1-c2\" class=\"accordion-content\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>Vihma ja p\u00f5ldudelt \u00e4ra voolava veega kantakse veekogudesse fosforit, mis p\u00f5hjustab vastu v\u00f5tvates vesikondades ja l\u00f5puks omakorda L\u00e4\u00e4nemeres eutrofeerumist, n\u00e4iteks m\u00fcrgist sinivetikate vohamist. \u00dcks meetod v\u00e4hendamaks lahustunud fosfori sissevoolu, on ehitada p\u00f5llumaade kraavidele taskukohaseid fosfori\u00e4rastuse v\u00e4ikefiltreid. Eurajoki piirkonna pilootvesikonnas katsetati k\u00e4esoleva projekti raames uudset fosfori \u00e4rastamise tehnoloogiat. Fosfori filtri t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5tted ja selle rajamise p\u00f5hisammud on esitatud videos.<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8Wq0DH_aHI4?rel=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e4ti pilootalal asuvale v\u00e4iksele ojale paigaldati kaltsiumh\u00fcdroksiid filter, et v\u00e4hendada pinnavees fosfori koormust. Lisaks viidi l\u00e4bi laborikatsed, et suurendada filtri l\u00e4bilaskev\u00f5imet.<\/p>\n<p><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nq2DJuFqbj0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-1-t3\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-controller\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1-c3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\tFosfori v\u00e4lja sadestamine peamiste sissevooluallikate kraavides\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1-c3\" class=\"accordion-content\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<br \/>\nFosfor v\u00f5ib pinnavees olla mikroosakestena v\u00f5i lahustunud olekus. Viimane on praktiliselt t\u00e4ies ulatuses vetikatele saadaval, samas kui osakestena seotud fosfori biosaadavus s\u00f5ltub vastuv\u00f5tvas veekogus valitsevatest tingimustest. Vees mikroosakestena leiduvat fosforit on v\u00f5imalik v\u00e4lja setitada. Lahustunud fosfori \u00e4rastamine n\u00f5uab aga kas bioloogilist v\u00f5i keemilist t\u00f6\u00f6tlemist.<\/p>\n<p>Keemiline fosfori setitamine on veekaitsemeetod, mida on v\u00f5imalik rakendada lahustunud fosforile ka v\u00e4ljaspool kasvuhooaega. Antud tehnoloogia rakendatavust v\u00e4ikesele sissevooluallikale katsetati k\u00e4esolevas projektis Aurajoki pilootvesikonnas. Fosfori setitamist kasutades granuleeritud raud(III)sulfaati demonstreeriti kahel p\u00f5llumajanduspiirkonna kraavil, milles oli k\u00f5rge lahustunud fosfori kontsentratsioon ja v\u00e4ike vooluhulk. Doseerimisaparaadi ehitamist on kirjeldatud all toodud slaidiettekandes.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/WC2-pilotti-diasarja-17.4.2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slide show &#8211; How to build a phosphorus precipitation unit for ditch water treatment<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lisainformatsiooni meetodite ja printsiipide kohta <a href=\"https:\/\/wwf.fi\/mediabank\/4368.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leiad siit<\/a>. Soomekeelne lisainformatsioon filtrite ehitamise kohta on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tammela.fi\/UserFiles\/tammela\/File\/asuminen_ja_rakentaminen\/vesiensuojelu\/hankkeet\/kaukjarvi_kirkkaaksi\/Ferix-ohje%2021%201%202013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leitav siit<\/a>. Enne fosfori \u00e4rastusfiltri rajamist konsulteeri ekspertidega ning uuri kehtivat seadusandlust.<br \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-1-t4\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-controller\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1-c4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\tFosfori\u00e4rasuse v\u00e4ikefiltri rajamise ja hoolduse kontrollnimekiri\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1-c4\" class=\"accordion-content\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h4>Kontrollnimekirjas on esitatud n\u00e4pun\u00e4ited v\u00e4ikefiltrite, mis eraldavad l\u00e4bivoolavast pinnaveest toitaineid, ehituse rahastamiseks ning paigaldamiseks. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Guidance-investments-maintenance-for-Nutrients-2018-08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e4iendav informatsioon on esitatud inglise keeles<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<p>See juhendmaterjal p\u00f5hineb projekti WaterChain raames l\u00e4bi viidud pilootprojektidest saadud kogemustel. Mistahes ehitus- v\u00f5i muu tegevuse elluviimisel, mida on kirjeldatud antud k\u00e4siraamatus, tuleb eelnevalt kontrollida vastavust kohalike seaduste ja regulatsioonidega. WaterChain projekt ei vastuta k\u00e4siraamatus esitatud meetodite ja protseduuride rakendamise tagaj\u00e4rgede eest.<\/p>\n<h4>Juhised investeeringuteks<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Investeeringute kavandamine<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Seadmete valik, tehniliste jooniste koostamine ning ehitust\u00f6\u00f6de l\u00e4biviimne on soovitav teostada vastavat p\u00e4devust omava isiku poolt.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dcks olulisemaid \u00fclesandeid puhastusseadmete asukoha valikul on leida peamised fosfori sissevoolu allikad.<\/li>\n<li>Sobivaim filtrit\u00e4ide ning filtri konstruktsioon fosfori \u00e4rastamiseks valitakse vastavalt konkreetse asukoha tingimustele, nt l\u00e4htuvalt pinnase t\u00fc\u00fcbist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Filtrite paigaldamiseks vajalikud load<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vajalik on maaomaniku (omanike) n\u00f5usolek.<\/li>\n<li>Anda maaomanikule selge \u00fclevaade plaanitavast tegevusest, vastutustest ning sellest, kuidas filtri paigaldus m\u00f5jutab maaomandit.<\/li>\n<li>Koostada erinevate poolte ja kaasatud sidusr\u00fchmade vaheline kirjalik kokkulepe \u00f5iguste ja kohustuste paika panemiseks.<\/li>\n<li>Kontrollida plaanitava tegevuse vastavust riigi eritingimustele.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hankeprotseduur<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kui on vajalik l\u00e4bi viia kaevet\u00f6\u00f6d ekskavaatoriga, k\u00fcsida t\u00f6\u00f6 maksumuste v\u00f5rdluseks hinnapakkumised.<\/li>\n<li>Hankeprotseduuri l\u00e4biviimine on vajalik juhul kui piirkondlik administratiivne kord seda n\u00f5uab v\u00f5i tegemist on suuremate v\u00f5i mitmest objektist koosnevate filtrirajatisega.<\/li>\n<li>Juhime t\u00e4helepanu, et hanke l\u00e4biviimine v\u00f5ib olla vajalik ka muu allhanke t\u00f6\u00f6 tellimiseks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>V\u00f5imalikud allhanket\u00f6\u00f6d<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tellida konsultatsiooniteenus filtrite optimaalse asukoha valikuks ning ehitust\u00f6\u00f6de omanikuj\u00e4relevalveks.<\/li>\n<li>Kaevet\u00f6\u00f6d tellida vastavat teenust pakkuva allt\u00f6\u00f6v\u00f5tja poolt. V\u00e4iksemamahuliste t\u00f6\u00f6de puhul v\u00f5ib osutuda v\u00f5imalikuks ka t\u00f6\u00f6de tellimine maaomanikult, juhul kui vastav rasketehnika on olemas.<\/li>\n<li>Allhange v\u00f5ib osutuda vajalikuks samuti geodeetiliste m\u00f5\u00f5distuste teostamiseks ning filtri puhastusefektiivsuse anal\u00fc\u00fcsiks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ehitusplatsi ettevalmistus<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ehitust\u00f6\u00f6de ja logistika ajagraafiku koostamine on m\u00e4\u00e4rava t\u00e4htsusega, v\u00e4hendamaks ootetundide arvu objektil.<\/li>\n<li>Ehitusplats peab olema ehitustehnikaga juurdep\u00e4\u00e4setav.<\/li>\n<li>Kui vajatakse t\u00e4iendavat t\u00e4itematerjali, tuleb luua vastavad alad materjali laadimiseks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ehitusplatsi ohutus<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ehitusplatsil peab olema tagatud ehitusj\u00e4relevalve kas siis projektijuhi v\u00f5i allhanke korras tellitud teenuse vormis.<\/li>\n<li>Kasutada turvariietust, turvaprille ja respiraatorit t\u00f6\u00f6tamisel kaltsiumh\u00fcdroksiidi ja raudsulfaadiga.<\/li>\n<li>Arvestada vastava riigi spetsiifilisi n\u00f5udeid turvalisuse ja t\u00f6\u00f6 regulatsiooni osas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Paigaldised filtrite efektiivsuse seireks.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Filtrite efektiivsuse seireks v\u00f5etakse ja anal\u00fc\u00fcsitakse veeproove. Seda v\u00f5ib teha nii k\u00e4itisi kui automaatprooviv\u00f5tjaga.<\/li>\n<li>Seireks kasutatavad lahendused tuleb kohandada vastavalt konkreetsele filtrile.<\/li>\n<li>Filtriseadme ees ja j\u00e4rel peab olema piisavalt ruumi, et v\u00f5tta veeproove nii filtrisse sisenevast kui ka sealt v\u00e4ljuvast veest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Teabevahetus<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Teavitada t\u00f6\u00f6dest kohalike sidusr\u00fchmade esindajad, suuremate ehitusprojektide korral viia l\u00e4bi info\u00fcritus.<\/li>\n<li>Paigaldada ehitusplatsi l\u00e4hedusse objektisilt, kus kirjeldada teostatavaid t\u00f6id ning nimetada vastutajad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Juhised filtrite ekspluatatsiooniks<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Efektiivsuse seire ja \u00fclevaatus<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Paigaldatud filtrite seire p\u00f5hineb fosfori \u00e4rastamise efektiivsuse hindamisel. Seireks v\u00f5tta veeproovid ning anal\u00fc\u00fcsida fosfori sisaldust akrediteeritud laboris.<\/li>\n<li>Veeseire objektik\u00fclastuste k\u00e4igus teostada filtri osade ja selle territooriumi seiskorra \u00fclevaatus.<\/li>\n<li>Vaatluse tulemused kanda p\u00e4evikusse.<\/li>\n<li>Edasiste efektiivsusanal\u00fc\u00fcside l\u00e4biviimiseks viia vaatluste k\u00e4igus kogutud metaandmed ajalisse vastavusse veekvaliteedi anal\u00fc\u00fcside tulemustega.<\/li>\n<li>Ekspluatatsiooniaegne koost\u00f6\u00f6 maaomanikuga on v\u00e4ga oluline saamaks praktilist tagasisidet rajatise t\u00f6\u00f6st.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Fosfori\u00e4rastuse v\u00e4ikefiltrite hooldusprotsess<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fosfori\u00e4rastuse filter ei vaja paigaldusj\u00e4rgset pidevat hooldust\u00f6\u00f6d.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dclevaatuste k\u00e4igus on vaja j\u00e4lgida filtri t\u00f6\u00f6d vastavalt eelkirjeldatud protseduurile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Fosfori\u00e4rastuse v\u00e4ikefiltrite hooldusprotsess, kui kasutatakse raudsulfaati<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Raudsulfaadi mahutit tuleb regulaarselt t\u00e4ita.<\/li>\n<li>Kemikaalid tuleb hoiustada kuivas kohas.<\/li>\n<li>Raudsulfaadi doseerimiss\u00fcsteemi tuleb kontrollida v\u00e4hemalt \u00fcks kord kuus, kuna tegemist on niiskust imava kemikaaliga.<\/li>\n<li>Viia l\u00e4biv seire vee pH v\u00e4\u00e4rtuse muudatuste m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Peale filtrite t\u00f6\u00f6 l\u00f5ppu<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u00f5ik filtripaigaldised peavad olema ehitatud selliselt, et neid saab peale ekspluatatsiooni l\u00f5ppu v\u00e4ikese vaevaga eemaldada.<\/li>\n<li>Doseerimiss\u00f5lm (kui on paigaldatud) tuleks demonteerida, et v\u00e4ltida kemikaalij\u00e4\u00e4kide m\u00f5ju keskkonnale.<\/li>\n<li>Fosfori\u00e4rastuse v\u00e4ikefiltri v\u00f5ib demonteerida kasutades ekskavaatorit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Toitainete \u00e4rastamine reoveepuhastusjaamas<\/h2>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xGuz902ijQA?rel=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Removal-of-nutrients-kaavio.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1300 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Removal-of-nutrients-kaavio-1280x339.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Removal-of-nutrients-kaavio-1280x339.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Removal-of-nutrients-kaavio-768x203.png 768w, https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Removal-of-nutrients-kaavio.png 1850w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n\t<div class=\"gridable gridable--row\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gridable--col col-4\" >\n\t\t<p><strong>Mehaanilised puhastustehnoloogiad<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>1.<\/strong> S\u00f5elumine\/V\u00f5red<br \/>\n<strong>2.<\/strong> Liivap\u00fc\u00fcnis<br \/>\n<strong>3.<\/strong> Esimese astme sadestus<\/p>\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"gridable--col col-4\" >\n\t\t<p><strong>Bioloogilised puhastustehnoloogiad<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>4.<\/strong> Bioloogilised puhastustehnoloogiad<br \/>\n<strong>5.<\/strong> Teise astme sadestus<\/p>\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"gridable--col col-4\" >\n\t\t<p><strong>J\u00e4relpuhastus<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>6.<\/strong> Filtreerimine<\/p>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<p><strong>A.<\/strong> Koaguleerimine\/ pH korrigeerimine<\/p>\n<p>Annusreaktor (i.k. l\u00fchend SBR) s\u00fcsteemide puhul kasutatakse tavaliselt suhteliselt uut bioloogilist reoveepuhastustehnoloogiat, mida nimetatakse aeroobseks granuleeritud mudaks (i.k. l\u00fchend AGS). V\u00f5rreldes aktiivmudaga, on AGS-i tehnoloogial palju eeliseid, n\u00e4iteks suurep\u00e4rane settivus, l\u00fchike settimisaeg saavutamaks head vedeliku ja tahke aine eraldumist, tugevam mikroobide struktuur graanulites, hea biomassi s\u00e4ilumine, samaaegne fosfaadi ja l\u00e4mmastiku \u00e4rastamine, k\u00f5rge vastupidavus toksilisusele. Nende eeliste t\u00f5ttu v\u00f5ib AGS-tehnoloogia tulevikus olla \u00fcks levinumaid bioloogilisi reoveepuhastustehnoloogiaid.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Validation of piloted nutrient removal technologies<\/h2>\n<p>During WaterChain project six nutrient reduction units were tested in field experiments in Finland and in Latvia. In addition, hydraulics of a nutrient reduction filter was tested in laboratory circumstances in Estonia. All described actions were performed on a time scale from 10\/2015 to 6\/2018. Demonstrated phosphorus reduction methods are presented <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Validation-report-nutrients-25.6.18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the report<\/a> at general level with operating principles and effectivity results.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Toitainete \u00e4rastamise tehnoloogiad L\u00e4mmastik (N) ja fosfor (P) on olulised toitaineained, mis on tuntud kui taimede, vetikate ja m\u00f5nede bakterite, n\u00e4iteks ts\u00fcanobakterite ehk sinivetikate, liigse kasvu soodustajad. \u00dchelt poolt on N ja P j\u00e4rjepidevalt v\u00e4henevad loodusvarad. Teisalt on need elemendid vastutavad pinnavee eutrofeerumise eest. Peamised toitainete allikad on reovesi, sademevesi, suured loomakasvatusettev\u00f5tted, p\u00f5llumaa, j\u00e4\u00e4tmek\u00e4itlusjaamad, saastatud &#8230; <a title=\"Toitained\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/et\/parimad-praktikad\/toitained\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Toitained\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2116,"parent":778,"menu_order":26,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"generate_page_header":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-783","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Toitained - WaterChain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/et\/parimad-praktikad\/toitained\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Toitained - WaterChain\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Toitainete \u00e4rastamise tehnoloogiad L\u00e4mmastik (N) ja fosfor (P) on olulised toitaineained, mis on tuntud kui taimede, vetikate ja m\u00f5nede bakterite, n\u00e4iteks ts\u00fcanobakterite ehk sinivetikate, liigse kasvu soodustajad. \u00dchelt poolt on N ja P j\u00e4rjepidevalt v\u00e4henevad loodusvarad. Teisalt on need elemendid vastutavad pinnavee eutrofeerumise eest. Peamised toitainete allikad on reovesi, sademevesi, suured loomakasvatusettev\u00f5tted, p\u00f5llumaa, j\u00e4\u00e4tmek\u00e4itlusjaamad, saastatud ... 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