{"id":1086,"date":"2018-06-05T10:12:26","date_gmt":"2018-06-05T07:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/waterchain.eu\/?page_id=1086"},"modified":"2018-07-04T12:15:35","modified_gmt":"2018-07-04T09:15:35","slug":"narsalter","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/sv\/problem-i-ostersjon\/narsalter\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e4rsalter"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fosfor och kv\u00e4ve<\/h2>\n

\u00d6stersj\u00f6n har sedan 1800-talet f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats fr\u00e5n att vara ett oligotroft (n\u00e4ringsfattigt) hav med klart vatten till att vara en eutrof (n\u00e4ringsrik) vattenmilj\u00f6. Kv\u00e4ve och fosfor \u00e4r de tillv\u00e4xtbegr\u00e4nsande n\u00e4rsalterna och utg\u00f6r inte sj\u00e4lva n\u00e5gon direkt hot mot havslevande organismer.<\/h5>\n
Eutrofiering inneb\u00e4r att n\u00e4rsaltkoncentrationerna \u00e4r f\u00f6r h\u00f6ga i vattnet. Detta orsakar kraftig algtillv\u00e4xt, vilket f\u00e5r flera negativa effekter p\u00e5 ekosystemet. Exempel \u00e4r minskat siktdjup, f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i fiskbest\u00e5nd och vegetation, \u00f6verproduktion av organiskt material, \u00f6kad syref\u00f6rbrukning och syrefattiga bottnar, vilket leder till utslagning av bottenlevande djur.<\/h5>\n
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Eutrofiering orsakas av en \u00f6kad belastning av n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnena fosfor (P) och kv\u00e4ve (N). Den resulterar i algblomning, f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i akvatiska ekosystem och syre (O2) brist i bottenvatten och till slut d\u00f6d fisk och d\u00f6d vegetation i bottenvatten. Copyright: Emilia M\u00e4kel\u00e4. Modifierad fr\u00e5n en bild ursprungligen publicerad av Luontoliitto (http:\/\/slideplayer.fi\/slide\/1930400\/).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Kv\u00e4ve- och fosforbelastningen p\u00e5 \u00d6stersj\u00f6n orsakas av t.ex. industrier, skogs- och jordbruk. Copyright: Emilia M\u00e4kel\u00e4.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\t
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Kv\u00e4ve och fosfor tillf\u00f6rs \u00d6stersj\u00f6n antingen via vatten eller luft.<\/strong> Den st\u00f6rsta delen av den externa belastningen tillf\u00f6rs via vatten i avrinningsomr\u00e5dena, l\u00e4ngs floder och diken eller direkt fr\u00e5n kustn\u00e4ra omr\u00e5den. De viktigaste k\u00e4llorna f\u00f6r vattenburna n\u00e4rsalter \u00e4r jordbruk, skogsbruk, industrier, hush\u00e5ll, fiskodling och naturlig avrinning. De luftburna n\u00e4rsalterna kommer med atmosf\u00e4risk nedfall p\u00e5 \u00d6stersj\u00f6ns yta och har sitt ursprung innanf\u00f6r och utanf\u00f6r \u00d6stersj\u00f6ns avrinningsomr\u00e5de. Huvudk\u00e4llor \u00e4r fartygs- och v\u00e4gtrafik, jordbruk, pannor och f\u00f6rbr\u00e4nningsanl\u00e4ggningar f\u00f6r energiproduktion.<\/p>\n

N\u00e4r v\u00e4l processerna f\u00f6r eutrofiering har b\u00f6rjat, \u00e4r de sv\u00e5ra att stoppa.<\/strong> N\u00e4rsalter som ackumulerats I sediment under m\u00e5nga \u00e5r \u00e4r sv\u00e5ra att avl\u00e4gsna och de forts\u00e4tter att frig\u00f6ras f\u00f6r ny tillv\u00e4xt av alger och v\u00e4xter. Under anoxiska (syrefattiga) f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden kan fosfor frig\u00f6ras fr\u00e5n sedimenten, vilket \u00f6kar eutrofieringen. Denna process kallas internbelastning och \u00e4r mycket sv\u00e5rare att \u00e5tg\u00e4rda \u00e4n externbelastningen fr\u00e5n floder, kustomr\u00e5den och luft.<\/p>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t

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Eutrofiering resulterar i algblomning av giftiga bl\u00e5-gr\u00f6na alger (cyanobakterier), vilket g\u00f6r att m\u00e4nniskor och djur inte kan bada i havet. Copyright: Emilia M\u00e4kel\u00e4.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\t
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\u00d6stersj\u00f6ns speciella fysikaliska egenskaper g\u00f6r det till ett av v\u00e4rldens st\u00f6rsta brackvattenhav.<\/strong> Tillrinningsomr\u00e5det \u00e4r fyra g\u00e5nger st\u00f6rre \u00e4n vattenytan och bebos av 85 miljoner m\u00e4nniskor, vilket g\u00f6r \u00d6stersj\u00f6n extremt k\u00e4nslig f\u00f6r m\u00e4nsklig p\u00e5verkan. \u00d6stersj\u00f6n \u00e4r f\u00f6rbunden med v\u00e4rldshaven genom ett smalt och grunt vattenomr\u00e5de vid \u00d6resund och B\u00e4lthavet. P\u00e5 grund av ett begr\u00e4nsat vattenutbyte med Nordsj\u00f6n stannar n\u00e4rsalterna kvar upp till 30 \u00e5r i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n. Tillf\u00f6rseln av n\u00e4rsalter p\u00e5verkar d\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00d6stersj\u00f6n under l\u00e5ng tid och kr\u00e4ver l\u00e5ngvariga restaureringsinsatser.<\/p>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fosfor och kv\u00e4ve \u00d6stersj\u00f6n har sedan 1800-talet f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats fr\u00e5n att vara ett oligotroft (n\u00e4ringsfattigt) hav med klart vatten till att vara en eutrof (n\u00e4ringsrik) vattenmilj\u00f6. Kv\u00e4ve och fosfor \u00e4r de tillv\u00e4xtbegr\u00e4nsande n\u00e4rsalterna och utg\u00f6r inte sj\u00e4lva n\u00e5gon direkt hot mot havslevande organismer. Eutrofiering inneb\u00e4r att n\u00e4rsaltkoncentrationerna \u00e4r f\u00f6r h\u00f6ga i vattnet. Detta orsakar kraftig algtillv\u00e4xt, … L\u00e4s mer<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2107,"parent":1084,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"generate_page_header":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1086","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"\nN\u00e4rsalter - WaterChain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waterchain.eu\/sv\/problem-i-ostersjon\/narsalter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N\u00e4rsalter - WaterChain\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fosfor och kv\u00e4ve \u00d6stersj\u00f6n har sedan 1800-talet f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats fr\u00e5n att vara ett oligotroft (n\u00e4ringsfattigt) hav med klart vatten till att vara en eutrof (n\u00e4ringsrik) vattenmilj\u00f6. 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